History of world s'mans

  Quantum computing   is the use of   quantum   phenomena such as   superposition   and   entanglement   to perform   computation . Computers that perform quantum computations are known as   quantum computers . [1] :I-5   Quantum computers are believed to be able to solve certain   computational problems , such as   integer factorization   (which underlies   RSA encryption ), substantially faster than classical computers. The study of quantum computing is a subfield of   quantum information science . Quantum computing began in the early 1980s, when physicist  Paul Benioff  proposed a  quantum mechanical  model of the  Turing machine . [2]   Richard Feynman  and  Yuri Manin  later suggested that a quantum computer had the potential to simulate things that a  classical computer  could not. [3] [4]  In 1994,  Peter Shor  developed a quantum...

  Zulfikar Ali Bhutto   ( Sindhi :   ذوالفقار علي ڀٽو ‎;   Urdu :   ذُوالفِقار علی بُھٹّو ‎‎; 5 January 1928 – 4 April 1979) was a   Pakistani   barrister   and politician who served as the   9th   Prime Minister of Pakistan   from 1973 to 1977, and prior to that as the   fourth   President of Pakistan   from 1971 to 1973. He was also the founder of the   Pakistan People's Party   (PPP) and served as its chairman until his execution in 1979. [4] Born in modern-day  Sindh  and educated at the  University of California, Berkeley  and the  University of Oxford , Bhutto trained as a barrister at  Lincoln's Inn , before entering  politics  as one of President  Iskander Mirza 's cabinet members, and was assigned several ministries during President  Ayub Khan 's military rule from 1958. Appointed  Foreign Minister  in 1963, Bhutto was a proponent of  ...

  Muhammad Iqbal   ( / ˈ ɪ k b ɑː l / ;   Urdu :   محمد اقبال ‎; 9 November 1877 – 21 April 1938), known as   Allama Iqbal , was a   poet ,   philosopher , theorist, and   barrister   in   British India . He is held as the   national poet   of Pakistan. He has been called the "Spiritual Father of   Pakistan " for his contributions to the nation. Iqbal's poems, political contributions, and academic and scholarly research were distinguished. [1] [2]   He inspired the   Pakistan movement   in   Subcontinent [3] [4]   and is considered a renowned figure of   Urdu literature , [5]   although he wrote in both   Urdu   and   Persian . [2] [5] Iqbal is admired as a prominent poet by  Indians ,  Pakistanis ,  Iranians ,  Afghans ,  Bangladeshis  and other international scholars of literature including the west. [6] [7] [8] [9] Though Iqbal is best known...

  Muhammad Ali Jinnah   (born   Mahomedali Jinnahbhai ; 25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) was a   barrister ,   politician   and the founder of   Pakistan . [2]   Jinnah served as the leader of the   All-India Muslim League   from 1913 until   Pakistan's creation   on 14 August 1947, and then as Pakistan's first   Governor-General   until his death. He is revered in Pakistan as   Quaid-i-Azam   ("Great Leader") and   Baba-i-Qaum , (" Father of the Nation "). His birthday is a   national holiday   in Pakistan. Born at  Wazir Mansion  in  Karachi , Jinnah was trained as a  barrister  at  Lincoln's Inn  in  London . Upon his return to  British India , he enrolled at the  Bombay High Court , and took an interest in national politics, which eventually replaced his legal practice. Jinnah rose to prominence in the  Indian National Congre...

  The   theory of relativity   usually encompasses two interrelated theories by   Albert Einstein :   special relativity   and   general relativity . [1]   Special relativity applies to all physical phenomena in the absence of   gravity . General relativity explains the law of gravitation and its relation to other forces of nature. [2]   It applies to the   cosmological   and astrophysical realm, including astronomy. [3] The theory transformed  theoretical physics  and  astronomy  during the 20th century, superseding a 200-year-old  theory of mechanics  created primarily by  Isaac Newton . [3] [4] [5]  It introduced concepts including  spacetime  as a unified entity of  space  and  time ,  relativity of simultaneity ,  kinematic  and  gravitational   time dilation , and  length contraction . In the field of physics, relativity improve...